A simple journal entry involves only two accounts one debit and one credit whereas a compound journal entry involves three or more accounts. The Ledger. The ledger is the entire group of accounts maintained by a company. The ledger provides information about changes in specific account balances for a company. Companies arrange the ledger in the sequence in which they present the accounts in the financial statements, beginning with the balance sheet accounts. He had a blue binder ledger book for each store.
Why did Sam Walton keep separate pigeonholes and blue binders? Why bother to keep separate records for each store? See last page of chapter 2 in text for answer. Answer: Using separate pigeonholes and blue binders for each store enabled Walton to accumulate and track the performance of each individual store easily.
Keeping separate records for each store provided Walton with more information about performance of individual stores and managers, and greater control. Walton would want and need the same advantages if he were starting his business today. The difference is that he might now use a computerized system for small businesses. Posting is transferring journal entries to the ledger accounts. Posting involves the following steps:. In the ledger, in the appropriate columns of the account s debited, enter the date, journal page, and debit amount shown in the journal.
In the ledger, in the appropriate columns of the account s credited, enter the date, journal page, and credit amount shown in the journal. In the reference column of the journal, write the account number to which the credit amount was posted. A chart of accounts lists the accounts and the account numbers that identify their location in the ledger.
Accounts are usually numbered starting with the balance sheet accounts followed by income statement accounts. Trial Balance. A trial balance is a list of accounts and their balances at a given time. It proves the mathematical equity of debits and credits after posting.
It may also uncover errors in journalizing and posting. It is useful the preparation of financial statements. The financial records of Waste Management Company were in such disarray that 10, employees were receiving pay slips that were in error. In order for these companies to prepare and issue financial statements their accounting equations must have been in balance at year-end.
How could these errors or misstatements have occurred? Audits of financial statements uncover some, but not all, errors or misstatements. Thus, the material in Chapter 2 dealing with the account, general rules of debit and credit, and steps in the recording process—the journal, ledger, and chart of accounts—is the same under both GAAP and IFRS.
Transaction analysis is the same under IFRS and GAAP but, as you will see in later chapters, different standards sometimes impact how transactions are recorded. Rules for accounting for specific events, sometimes differ across countries. For example, European companies rely less on historical cost and more on fair value than U. Despite the differences, the double-entry accounting system is the basis of accounting systems worldwide.
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